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Biopsy

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Biopsy

Biopsy is a method of removing part of a tissue or cell sample from a patient's body for a detailed review. When an initial test shows that part of the body tissue is not normal, your doctor will order a tissue biopsy. Doctors generally call this abnormal tissue a lesion, tumor, or mass. After the biopsy, the sample can be analyzed in the laboratory. Imaging tests such as X-rays are very useful in detecting abnormal masses or tissues in the body. But there is no difference between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues in this way. A biopsy is recommended for definitive diagnosis in most cancers. Biopsy is a low-risk, painless procedure.

What are the reasons for a biopsy?

Your doctor will usually order a biopsy of a part of your body when you have symptoms of cancer. It is true that a biopsy is usually done in patients with suspected cancer, but that does not necessarily mean that the person has cancer. For example, if a woman has masses in her breast that have been identified by imaging, it is a biopsy that determines if her problem is breast cancer or a non-cancerous disease such as polycystic fibrosis.

What are the types of biopsies and how are they performed?

There are types of biopsies that the treating physician must determine based on the patient's condition and the area involved in the body. Local anesthesia is used in all procedures so that the patient does not feel pain.

  • Bone marrow biopsy: If the patient suspects a blood problem, the doctor can perform a bone marrow biopsy for them. Bone marrow biopsy is performed using a long needle that is inserted into the femur. This test can diagnose leukemia, anemia, infection or lymphoma; It is also used to check for bone metastases.
  • Endoscopic biopsy: An endoscopic biopsy is used to access internal tissues such as bladder, intestine, or lung tissue. In endoscopic biopsy, the doctor uses a narrow, flexible tube called an endoscope. At the end of the endoscope tube is a very small camera, a light source, and a very small surgical instrument. The doctor uses the images from the camera to perform the desired sampling.
  • Needle biopsy: In this procedure, as the name implies, the doctor uses a special needle to remove the cells from the patient's suspicious tissue.
  • Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed to diagnose skin cancer and skin lesions of unknown cause. Skin biopsy is performed using local anesthesia and removal of a small portion of the skin.
  • Surgical biopsy: Surgical biopsy is performed to obtain a tissue sample that is difficult to access. Surgical biopsy uses open or laparoscopic surgery to obtain a sample, and a piece of tissue or a whole mass of tissue may be removed in this procedure.
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