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ACL/PCL

Services Departments Orthopedic Department ACL/PCL

ACL PCL

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
The knee has four different ligaments, each of which can be damaged. Ligament rupture occurs in two ways, partially or completely. Injury to the knee ligaments causes pain, swelling, pain when touching the knee, bruising, and limited mobility of the knee. Sometimes the patient may feel unstable in his knee and this may cause him to walk with a limp. The anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is one of four ligaments located inside the knee joint. This ligament, which is diagonally located between the femur and the tibia, connects the two bones. ACL controls the movement of the knee back and forth and provides stability to the knee joint. This ligament prevents the tibia from moving forward, preventing the tibia from extending beyond the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament, or PCL, is another of the four ligaments inside the knee joint. This ligament also passes diagonally through the middle of the knee joint and connects the posterior part of the tibia to the anterior part of the femur. ACL and PCL ligaments are two diagonal ligaments that cross over each other; For this reason, they are also called cross ligaments. PCL ligament helps the knee move back and forth.

Causes or factors that cause cruciate ligament rupture
Rupture of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments is usually caused by activities that put excessive pressure on the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. This condition sometimes occurs suddenly and as a result of an accident or trauma. Occasionally there may be repeated pressure on the ligaments. The three movements that mainly put pressure on the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are: twisting of the knee ligament, stretching and over-opening of the knee ligament, and movement of the leg on the femur. Whenever the intensity of any of these movements is too much for the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments to be tolerated, rupture of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments occurs. Posterior cruciate ligament rupture is common in high-impact sports or those sports that require athletes to change direction quickly. So, in general, sports injuries, injuries in accidents and crashes are the main causes.
Signs and symptoms; treatment
Patients with anterior and posterior cruciate ligament rupture complain of pain and swelling. This pain and swelling prevents the knee from bending and straightening. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament rupture pain is usually felt deep in the knee or as pain behind the knee, and it is often difficult to pinpoint the exact location of the pain. In a complete rupture of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament, the pain is usually severe at the time of injury. But sometimes this severe pain may go away quickly. Because of this reduction in pain and swelling, many patients may think that their knee has healed. But in fact the knee hasn't healed and instability of the knee joint occurred. In general, people with a complete rupture of the knee ligaments are unable to continue their activities; Because their knees are unstable, they may fall due to some movements. Sometimes a patient with a ligament rupture is unable to bear the weight due to pain and may develop bruising and stiffness in the knee in the coming days. Patients with complete rupture of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments sometimes experience recurrent periods of knee instability after injury.
Surgical and non-surgical methods are used to treat cruciate ligament rupture. Surgical treatment for knee ligament rupture is considered for whom physiotherapy has been useless; It is also recommended for patients whose complete anterior and posterior cruciate ligament rupture has been associated with damage to other parts of the knee. In active patients, reconstruction and repair of ACL and PCL by surgery is recommended. Reconstruction is performed using an arthroscope and a minimally invasive method.

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