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Iran Crossroads of Civilizations

Iran, with a civilization of several thousand years, is one of the most attractive countries for tourism. Because in addition to rich and diverse history, it has a very high climatic diversity. Northern Iran is a fertile and lush region with dense forests that surround the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. In the northwest and west of Iran there are green mountainous areas and in the southwest there are fertile and wide plains. In the east of Iran, there are desert areas and water springs that have created cities; in the center of Iran, there are attractive deserts, and in the south of Iran, there is the Persian Gulf coastline, which is a warm and humid region with sandy beaches.
Historically and culturally, Iran is divided into pre-Islamic and post-Islamic times. Before Islam, the two great Achaemenid and Sassanid empires built amazing cities that, after 3,000 years, still dazzle the human eye. After Islam, different historical periods created beautiful Iranian-Islamic buildings that take you to the imaginary world with mirror work and tiling.
The Iranian are hospitable people. Because Iran has been the gateway from east to west and south to north throughout the history of mankind, and the people of Iran have always been in contact with the people of other places. For this reason, it has rich social etiquette and respect for races and religions is institutionalized in the culture of these people. In fact, Iran has been at the crossroads of civilizations throughout history.
To better understand Iran and its people, you must travel to this mysterious and amazing country to see all its beauties up close. Obviously, it is not possible to give a complete and detailed account of Iran's cultural and historical tourism in the form of a short article. But we are trying to continue to address some of the most important tourist attractions, especially for foreign tourists. So join us.
 

Shiraz: Persepolis, Hafeziyeh, Vakil Bazaar, Jahan Nama Garden

Very hospitable people, many cultural and historical attractions, beautiful nature, and local food make domestic and foreign tourists highly motivated to travel to Shiraz. Persepolis is one of the most well-known and honorable antiquities of Iran and is a manifestation of Iranian culture in the Achaemenid era. The complex was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979. Every year, many domestic and foreign tourists visit Persepolis. Hafeziyeh or the tomb of Hafez is a tourist attraction in Shiraz where the famous poet of Shiraz is buried. Hafeziyeh is generally a symbol of the sun. The exterior of the dome of this tomb is in the shape of dervishes' hat and it is mentioned as a symbol of the sky. Inside the dome a set of colors is used, each of which is a special symbol: turquoise blue symbolizes heaven, purple red symbolizes eternal wine, black and white symbolizes night and day, burnt brown symbolizes soil. Shiraz Vakil Bazaar, which is located in the central part of the city, is one of the most famous traditional and historical bazaars in Iran. This market is one of the most spectacular markets. Light shines through the openings in the roof of the market and illuminates the market. Another spectacular attraction of Shiraz is its beautiful gardens. Jahan Nama Garden is one of the tourist attractions of Shiraz and is known as the oldest garden in Shiraz. The green space of Jahan Nama Garden consists of large and ancient cypress and orange trees, green boxwood, violet, satin and chrysanthemums. The octagonal mansion of this garden, which is located in the middle of it, belongs to the Zand period. Nasir Al-Molk Mosque is one of the old mosques in Shiraz. The beautiful and eye-catching architecture of this mosque dazzles the eyes of every tourist.
Other attractions of Shiraz include Saadiyeh, Pasargad (tomb of Cyrus the Great), Narenjestan Ghavam, Eram Garden and Karim Khan Palace.

 

Isfahan: Naghsh-e- Jahan Square, Aali Qapo Mansion, Si-o-se Pol, Chehel Sotoun Palace

Isfahan is the third most populous city in Iran after Tehran and Mashhad. Signs of Iranian civilization and culture can be seen all over this historic city. This city, with its unique and historical beauties, welcomes many tourists from all over Iran and the world every year. The beautiful and artistic tiles of this city dazzle the eyes of every viewer. Naghsh-e- Jahan Square, which is officially known as Imam Square, is one of the most beautiful and well-known attractions in Isfahan and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Naghsh-e- Jahan Square is part of a historical complex. What makes this square different from other squares is its rectangular shape, which differs from the circular or oval appearance of many squares. Naghsh-e-Jahan Square in Isfahan has historical monuments such as: Aali Qapo Mansion, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Imam Mosque and Qeysarie Gate, Isfahan Qeysarie Bazaar, and Chogan gates.
Aali Qapo Mansion was built during the Safavid rule on the western side of Naghsh-e-Jahan Square. This mansion is 48 meters high and has 6 floors that lead to each other with spiral stairs. On these 6 floors, there is another floor as a roof, which usually overlooks the city. The most spectacular part of this palace is the plaster casts of its last floor, which is known as the music room or sound room, and the picture of various instruments can be seen in it. The miniatures painted on this mansion, which has given it a unique beauty, are the work of the famous artist of the Safavid era, Reza Abbasi, and have given a special effect to this work. Si-o-se Pol is one of the most beautiful places in Isfahan at night. This historical monument is one of the most well-known tourist attractions of Isfahan and dates back to the reign of Shah Abbas Safavi. This bridge is one of the masterpieces of Safavid architecture and one of the most famous bridges in Iran. Si-o-se Pol (in Persian means 33 bridges), as the name implies, have 33 arches under which you can sit.
Isfahan Chehel Sotoune Palace is another cultural and historical attraction of Isfahan. Chehel Sotoun Palace is located west of Naghsh-e-Jahan Square. Chehel Sotoun Palace, one of the royal palaces of the Safavid period, was built in the 1600s. Shah Abbas II used it as a place to receive his special guests.

 

Yazd: Yazd Grand Mosque, Amir Chakhmaq Square, Dolatabad Garden

Yazd is one of the historical cities of Iran. This city is the first historical brick city of Iran and the second historical city in the world. Due to the many attractions of Yazd and its brick buildings, and the registration of this historic city in UNESCO, it is also referred to as an international city. Yazd is known as a city of windmills and aqueducts, and throughout this city you can see the effects of history. The historical context of Yazd with an area of about 800 hectares is known as the most extensive and principled historical context of Iran.
Amir Chakhmaq Square is one of the symbols of Yazd. In this square, a collection of historical and valuable monuments is displayed as a symbol of Iranian culture. This square dates back to the ninth century AH and the time of the Timurids. Dolatabad Garden is one of the nine Iranian gardens whose name has been registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The tall mansion of this garden has the tallest windbreaker in the world and is very valuable in terms of architecture. This garden is one of the oldest gardens in Iran, which is 260 years old and has an area of 6.4 hectares.

 

Kerman: Ganjali Khan Bath, Fatehabad Garden, Kerman Bazaar, Kerman Zoroastrian Anthropology Museum

Kerman is the tenth most populous city in Iran. This semi-desert city is located at an altitude of 1756 meters above sea level. Its high altitude has made the climate of Kerman more temperate than other semi-desert regions. Kerman is considered as the fifth historical city of Iran. Ganjali Khan Bath, which is registered in the list of national monuments of Iran, has a building area of about 1300 square meters. This building includes a headboard with unique architecture, a changing room, a pool and a bathroom. Prominent Iranian artists have tried to beautify and design this historical monument by using very delicate paintings, using the most colorful tiles available at that time, beautiful and eye-catching plaster decorations and pleasant calligraphy. Other cultural and historical tourist attractions of Kerman include the garden of Fatehabad mansion. The area of Fatehabad Garden in Kerman is 13 hectares, which in 1500 meters of it, a building in the Iranian-European style has been built. The reflection of the building in the pond in front of the building is very magnificent. Kerman Governors Museum, painting room, four-season mansion and herbal medicine fields are other parts of this place.
Kerman Bazaar is also one of its historical attractions. More than 60% of Kerman's sights are somehow connected to the market. Copper fabrics and dishes are souvenirs of Kerman. The only Zoroastrian anthropological museum in the world is located in Kerman. Inside this collection are objects belonging to Zoroastrians dating back about 200 years. Objects such as fireplaces, oil burners, tallow burners and tulip lamps that can be seen in this museum.

 

Azerbaijan region of Iran

Tabriz Municipality Palace, Zahaak Castle, Traditional Tabriz Bazaar, Tomb of Sheikh Safioddin-e-Ardabili, Churches in Northwest Iran

One of the most beautiful mansions in Tabriz is the Municipal Palace. This palace next to the clock tower is one of the famous and attractive buildings in Tabriz. The mansion's antiquity has turned it into an urban museum that houses artifacts from decades past. The first municipal car, the first fire truck of Tabriz, the carpet museum and the camera museum are among the attractions that can be seen in this mansion.
Ajdehak Castle or Zahaak Castle is located in Hashtrood city. This castle is very old. There are legends about Zahaak Castle. According to legends, this castle was the place of rule of Zahak, the famous and oppressive king of Shahnameh. By visiting this castle, you can go to see the ancient history, because Zahaak Castle is one of the oldest ancient monuments and sights of Azerbaijan.
The largest traditional indoor market in the world is located in Tabriz. The unique architecture and vastness of Tabriz Bazaar has introduced it as one of the most famous traditional bazaars in Iran. Tabriz Bazaar is one of the most important tourist places in this city. The tomb of Sheikh Safioddin-e-Ardabili, located in the city of Ardabil in Iran, is very important in terms of architecture and decorative art. The entrance of this tomb is opened to the courtyard by two wooden hinges. A large rectangular courtyard is located on the west side of the tomb. Two stone pools in the courtyard are attributed to Safavid times.
The Church of St. Thaddeus (Qarah Church) and the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary are located in northwestern Iran in the province of West Azerbaijan. The Church of St. Stephen is also located in the province of East Azerbaijan. These churches are among the historical monuments with a long history in Iran, which are located in the region of Azerbaijan, Iran.
In addition to the constructions and historical monuments mentioned so far, there are beautiful antiquities and cultural and historical monuments in different parts of Iran. In the following, it will be briefly introducing some of these other tourist attractions in different parts of Iran:

 

Zanjan Soltanieh Dome: The largest brick dome in the world

Soltanieh Dome is one of the cultural and historical attractions of Zanjan province. This dome is one of the masterpieces of Iranian architecture in the Ilkani period. The main body of the dome and the whole building is made of bricks. The dome of Soltanieh is covered with turquoise and azure tiles and in a mosaic style. The golden and patterned tiles and their octagon shape are very special and unique in terms of tile art. Soltanieh Dome in Zanjan has been registered as the largest historical dome in Iran and the largest brick dome in the world. This beautiful and unique dome has also been registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

 

Bisotun inscription

Bisotun inscription is the largest inscription in the world and the first known Iranian text, which is located 30 km from Kermanshah on the slopes of Bisotun mountain. The Bisotun inscription is one of the most important and famous documents in the history of the world. The complex was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2006. The Bisotun inscription is located a few tens of meters above the ground and on the southern slope of the mountain. With the remains of a staircase at the top of the mountain, it is possible that the stonemasons used this way to reach the place. When finished, the stairs were removed to make the work inaccessible.

 

Kavous Dome Tower or Qaboos Dome

Kavous Dome Tower is located in Gonbad Kavous city in Golestan province of Iran and is the tallest brick tower in the world. The tower was built in the 11th century AD. The city of Gonbad Kavous is now located near the city of ancient Jorjan, which was the capital of the Al-e-Ziyar kings. This tower is one of the most beautiful and magnificent buildings of the early Islamic period. Kavous Dome Tower has a well-proportioned, balanced, strong and beautiful structure. The body of this building is made entirely of baked red bricks. The tower has turned golden yellow due to sunlight over the centuries. The conical dome is 18 meters high and is located on the body of the tower without any intermediaries.

 

Golestan Palace

Golestan Palace is one of the world monuments of Iran in the UNESCO heritage list. The occurrence of important historical events in this place has turned it into a living document of Iranian history. This complex, which is one of the sights of Tehran, is located in the old part of the city. History, architecture, culture and art of Iran can be seen in this collection. This palace is one of the most important historical monuments in Iran in terms of architecture and the value of works of art and history, and many domestic and foreign tourists visit it every year. Golestan Palace consists of different sections such as Marble Throne Porch, Salam Hall, Mirror Hall, Dining Room Hall, Berlian Hall, Badgir Mansion, Shams-ol-Emareh Palace, Diamond Hall and Abyaz Palace. Among the many sights around Golestan Palace, we can mention Tehran Bazaar, Haj Ali Darvish Coffee House, Sabzeh Meydan, Naser Khosrow Street, Saray Roshan, Marvi Alley and Dar-ol-Fonun.

 

The ancient site of Susa

The ancient site of Susa is one of the most beautiful historical tourist attractions in Khuzestan province. The ancient site of Susa is a large area with a wide variety of constructions and architectural structures. Shavoor's Palace, Apadana (one of the most magnificent and unique antiquities in the world), East Gate, Hadish, Fifteenth City, Achaemenid Village, Susa Mosque, Islamic Constructions Complex, Acropolis Hills and French Castle are among them. The statue of the gods has a special place among the antiquities of Susa in the Elamite period.

 

Choghazanbil is a remnant of the ancient city of Duruntash. Choghaznabil is an amazing and ancient temple and is the first historical monument in Iran to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This temple is a remnant of Elamite civilization.


Takht-e-Soleiman is located in the city of Takab in the province of West Azerbaijan. It is called the birthplace of Zoroaster. Takht-e-Soleiman is 3,000 years old and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Takht-e Soleiman was the base of Zoroastrianism and the largest pre-Islamic religious-educational center.


Arg-e Bam is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Kerman province. This unique brick structure is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List and National Monuments of Iran. Arg-e Bam has a special architecture and shows attractive examples of defense structure in ancient Iran.


Taq-e-Bostan is one of the most valuable historical monuments in Iran and is located in the northwest of Kermanshah.Taq-e-Bostan is a collection of paintings and inscriptions of the Sassanid period that was built in the third century AD and has great artistic and historical value.


Gilan province is one of the most important tourist destinations in northern Iran. Rasht and other cities in this province have many tourist attractions; Such as monuments, natural attractions, museums and forests. The tomb of Mirza Kuchak Khan in Soleymandarab, Rasht is one of these attractions.


Shushtar is one of the cities of Khuzestan province, located in the southwest of Iran, which is one of the first cities of Iranian civilization. Shushtar dates back to the first civilization of Iran, namely the Elamite civilization. Ancient discoveries in Shushtar show that in this ancient city, human life dates back to tens of thousands of years ago.


Kashan is one of the cities of Isfahan province and is historically very old and has many historical and cultural monuments. Kashan Fin Garden, which is the most important tourist attraction of Kashan, is a garden in the style of Iranian gardens; in addition to being a natural tourist attraction, it is also of great historical importance.


Kish and Qeshm are two islands located in the south of Iran. The islands of southern Iran are a great destination for travel and relaxation. Among the beautiful islands of southern Iran, these two islands are more popular and well-known among domestic and foreign tourists and have high level facilities.

 

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