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Bone marrow transplantation is a procedure in which abnormal cells or destroyed cells in the bone marrow are replaced with healthy cells. Bone marrow forms the central tissue of the bone. In a healthy body, bone marrow makes blood cells. There are different types of blood cells, all of which are created from the cells in the bone marrow known as "hematopoietic stem cells".If the bone marrow does not work normally, it cannot produce the blood cells needed by the human body. To treat this problem, the doctor can insert healthy giver cells (called "donor" cells) into the patient's bone marrow. So, donor cells can become normal blood cells. Bone marrow transplantation is also called as "stem cell transplant" or "hematopoietic stem cell transplant".

Are there different types of Bone marrow transplantation in Iran?

 There are different types of Bone marrow transplantation in Iran depending on the following:
Based on the origin of donor cells. (The origin of donor cells can be from the following :)
-One's own body
-Your relatives whose blood is compatible with you
-Your non-relatives whose blood is compatible with you
-Umbilical cord blood of a newborn baby (compatible with you)
-Based on the measures that are necessary for transplant preparation.
The right type of bone marrow transplant depends on the type of cancer, other medical conditions, age, other health problems, and potential donors.

What happens before a bone marrow transplantation in Iran?

The doctor performs the necessary examination and tests and Talks with you and your family about what to expect during and after the procedure.
The doctor places a thin tube inside a blood vessel in the upper part of the chest. This tube (called "central vein") remains in place during the hospitalization period. The doctor uses this tube to provide treatments and also to take blood for tests.
If the origin of the donor cells is from the patient's own body, the doctor collects the stem cells and uses them for transplantation. If the donor cells come from another person, another doctor will collect them.

What happens during a Bone marrow transplantation in Iran?

Initially, you will undergo chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Chemotherapy is a medical term for drugs that kill cancer cells and other cells. These treatments prepare the bone marrow to receive new stem cells.
After this step, the doctor will inject the donor cells into your body through the central vein or another vein. The stem cells will find their way to the bone marrow, where they can make normal blood cells.

What happens after a bone marrow transplantation in Iran?

Most patients are hospitalized for a few weeks to a few months after bone marrow transplantation in Iran.
Immediately after bone marrow transplantation, the possibility of infection increases compared to normal. For this reason, you should be hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) and receive special medicines.Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may consider other treatments. Also, do blood tests every day to check whether the bone marrow transplant has worked or not.When the bone marrow function returns to normal and you return home, you should go to the doctor for regular check-ups.

The most common short-term side effects

The side effects of a bone marrow transplant depend on the origin of the donor cells and the treatments you received before the transplant.
-Oral ulcers and diarrhea
-Nausea and vomiting
-Hair loss (head, face and body)
-Lung, liver or bone problems
-Graft versus host disease (GVHD): In this disease, donor cells donated from another person's body attack the patient's body organs. This can lead to skin rashes, diarrhea, and liver problems. GVHD only occurs in people who have received donor cells from another person.Also, in transplanted patients, it may have long-term side effects, which include:
Problems related to pregnancy: If you plan to have children in the future, talk to your doctor before having a bone graft.
-Metastatic cancer
-Long-term GVHD

Bone marrow transplantation statistics in Iran

In 1969, three transplants, then 30 transplants, and then 450 patients were transplanted, and the cell therapy transplant technique was introduced to Iran. With one thousand thalassemia bone marrow transplants, Iran is the pole of this treatment method in the world and is considered the largest country in this field. So far, 77% of transplants have had positive results and cell therapy will have a bright future in medical science.
 

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